Sources

Greek text of the Septuagint

Swete's edition as transcribed by Open Greek and Latin First1KGreek (tlg0527), as repackaged in nathans/lxx-swete. That transcription is licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; attribution is given here, and this site's corrected Greek text is shared under the same license. A planned license-clean replacement — a fresh transcription of the public-domain Swete print, re-verified verse by verse — is a later phase, not this build; the CC BY-SA base stays until then.

English text

Brenton, The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament (London, 1844; Greek text 1851). Public domain, via ebible.org. Brenton's footnote markers were stripped from the verse text; the footnote lists are not carried over.

Letter of Aristeas

Greek: Thackeray's text as printed in Swete, An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek, 2nd edition 1914, Appendix, via Attalus (§43 via the CCEL Swete appendix text, the known Attalus gap). Editorial braces are preserved exactly as printed. English: Thackeray, SPCK First Edition 1917, via the Internet Archive. Wendland 1900 was not used.

Greek fills from Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851)

Where the First1KGreek transcription has gaps, the text is filled from Brenton's Greek — documented here as Brenton's Greek, not Swete. Four verse divisions had lost their text in the transcription (a row containing only a marginal numeral): Exodus 20:1, Numbers 19:1, 3 Kingdoms 16:1, and Numbers 17:1 (filled from Brenton 17:16, its content counterpart). Ecclesiastes is absent from First1KGreek altogether and is filled whole from Brenton's Greek.

• Exodus 20:1 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verse division lost its text in First1KGreek (row contained only the marginal numeral XX)
• Numbers 19:1 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verse division lost its text in First1KGreek (row contained only the marginal numeral XIX)
• Numbers 17:1 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verse division lost its text (row contained only XVII); filled from Brenton 17:16, the content counterpart (Greek 16:36-50 = Brenton 17:1-15, so Greek 17:1 = Brenton 17:16)
• 3 Kingdoms 16:1 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verse division lost its text in First1KGreek (row contained only the marginal numeral XVI)
• Ecclesiastes whole book — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): whole book: no text in First1KGreek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:5 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:6 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:7 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:8 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:9 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:10 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:11 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:12 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:13 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:14 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:15 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:16 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Wisdom of Solomon 3:17 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): passage absent from First1KGreek transcription (chapter 3 jumps 4 -> 18); filled from Brenton's Greek
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:36 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verse truncated mid-sentence in First1KGreek (ends at "τοῦ"); completed from Brenton's Greek
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:37 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verses absent from First1KGreek transcription (book ends at 1:36, truncated)
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:38 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verses absent from First1KGreek transcription (book ends at 1:36, truncated)
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:39 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verses absent from First1KGreek transcription (book ends at 1:36, truncated)
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:40 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verses absent from First1KGreek transcription (book ends at 1:36, truncated)
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:41 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verses absent from First1KGreek transcription (book ends at 1:36, truncated)
• Bel and the Dragon (Theodotion) 1:42 — Brenton's Greek (grcbrent, 1851): verses absent from First1KGreek transcription (book ends at 1:36, truncated)

Partial-verse restorations

Single words or phrases restored where the intended Greek is certain from context; documented as restorations, not as original transcription.

• Genesis 10:1 — Ἰάφεθ + καί restored before ἐγεννήθησαν (“’σαν” was the tail of the verb; Ἰάφεθ lost) (Brenton’s Greek (grcbrent GEN 10:1))
• Genesis 26:1 — Ἀβιμέλεχ βασιλέα restored (“’ α” was the detached breathing + first letter of Ἀβιμέλεχ) (Brenton’s Greek (grcbrent GEN 26:1))
• Genesis 33:2 — Ἰωσὴφ ἐσχάτους restored (“’l” was the first letter of Ἰωσὴφ) (Brenton’s Greek (grcbrent GEN 33:2))
• Exodus 17:10 — “καὶ Ὢρ” restored from the split token “καἳ̀nρ” (Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up; the κα and ρ survive) (Context (verse structure + the three names))
• Exodus 27:5 — “ἐσχάραν” restored from the fragment “’ρᾶν” (confirmed by “ἡ ἐσχάρα” later in the verse) (Context (same verse))
• Leviticus 16:21 — Ἰσραήλ restored (“’l” was the first letter of Ἰσραήλ) (Brenton’s Greek (grcbrent LEV 16:21))
• Numbers 15:2 — Ἰσραήλ restored (“’l” was the first letter of Ἰσραήλ) (Standard formula + Brenton’s Greek (grcbrent NUM 15:1 “λάλησον τοῖς ὑοῖς Ἰσραὴλ”))

Gaps (never filled, never faked)

• 3 Kingdoms 14:1-20 — Absent from Vaticanus, Swete, and Brenton alike; the chapter resumes at 14:21.
• Daniel (Theodotion) 12:5-13 — Absent from the First1KGreek transcription; Brenton’s English (Theodotion) is shown. No Greek fill source was sanctioned, so the Greek is not reconstructed.
• Daniel (Old Greek), Susanna (Old Greek), Bel and the Dragon (Old Greek), Psalms of Solomon, and Odes are Greek only: Brenton has no English for these books, and the English column says so rather than standing empty.

Cleaning corrections to the transcription

The transcription was cleaned to reproduce Swete's print, not the converter's mistakes; corrections were made only where the intended Greek is certain from context, otherwise the token is kept verbatim and flagged.

• Trailing-strip bug, found and fixed: the rule stripping trailing Roman numerals was eating the final letter of all-caps words (ΚΑΙ → ΚΑ at 17 book openings, ΑΔΑΜ → ΑΔΑ, ΛΟΓΟΙ → ΛΟΓΟ, ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑΙ → ΠΑΡΟΙΜΙΑ, and it deleted the interrogative ΤΙ in Exodus 17:2). Fix: strip only when the stem has a lowercase Greek letter. 24 changes, 23 legitimate restorations.
• 'κα' → 'καὶ': standalone 'κα' is not a Greek word; 250 occurrences, all sampled contexts require 'καί' (grave, as the transcription uses grave before another word). After the fix, zero standalone 'κα' remain.
• Verse-number remaps (all content-verified): Judith 9:19→9:14; 1 Chronicles 16:93→39; 2 Chronicles 4:220→20, 17:111→11; Psalms 88:84→48; Epistle of Jeremiah chapter 0→1; Wisdom chapters 16–20→15–19.
• Titles extracted as headings (56): Psalms 36, Odes 12, Psalms of Solomon 7, Obadiah 1. Psalm title-and-text rows stay as verses, documented.
• Zero verses made headings/blocks, not verses: Isaiah 1:0 (superscription); Obadiah 1:0 (book title); Lamentations 1:0 (prologue paragraph); Sirach chapter 0 verse 0 (Prologue block).
• Lamentations acrostic markers (47) kept as transcribed, not reassigned.
• Dropped as unrecoverable junk, not reconstructed: Exodus 18:13 “Mcovo^fl” (the expected “πρὸς Μωυσῆν” was not inserted), Exodus 7:15 “’στ’”, Exodus 40:6 “’φ’”.

Genesis 1–3: the 9 Phase 1 corrections (retained)

1. 1:1 unaccented-capital incipit → Ἐν ἀρχῇ.
2. 1:20 του οὐρανοῦ → τοῦ οὐρανοῦ; stray • token dropped.
3. 1:26 πάτης τῆς γῆς → πάσης τῆς γῆς.
4. 2:19 τό θηρία → τὰ θηρία; κα πάντα → καὶ πάντα.
5. 3:1 dittography removed (single τῶν θηρίων).
6. 3:6 τῶ ἀνδρὶ → τῷ ἀνδρὶ.
7. 1:10 συστήματα → συστήματα.
8. 1:14 ἄρχεῖν → ἄρχειν.
9. 1:11 κόρπιμον → κάρπιμον.

Retained as printed, not corrected: 2:14 πορευόμενος (pending a Swete print check); 3:7 ήσαν beside 3:1 ἦσαν; 1:20 Ἑξαγαγέτω beside 1:24 Ἐξαγαγέτω; Swete proper-name spellings Φεισών, Εὑειλάτ, Γηών.

Genesis 2:25/3:1 seam: the Greek text runs continuously across the chapter boundary — Greek 3:1 opens with the verse Brenton numbers 2:25. The reader marks the seam.

Morphology and lexicon

Morphology is editor-assigned form by form: 926 verified forms covering 58.7% of tokens. Every other form shows the not-available note — morphology is progressive and nothing is guessed. No CATSS data and no STEPBible data are used anywhere (both non-commercial-only). No lexicon text is copied from any published lexicon, and no “coined by the Septuagint” or “earliest known attestation in LXX” claims are made (no LSJ or papyri checks were run in this build).

Unresolved items (kept and flagged, not fixed by guessing)

• 3 Maccabees 4:1 “παρv” (too damaged to restore with certainty).
• Zechariah 13:6 “Ἀs” (no word fits before “ἐπλήγην”).
• Wisdom 1:15 “α” (α/αὐτὸν garble).
• 1 Kingdoms 4:21 “κυρίου.” (stray, unresolved).
• 1 Kingdoms 6:21: “αὐτὴν πρὸς ἑαυτούς” ending absent (flagged, not inserted); 1 Kingdoms 8:2: “κριταὶ” appears absent (flagged, not inserted).
• Daniel (Old Greek) 1:1 opens with the uninterpreted sequence “ΕΙΙΙ” (kept verbatim).
• Exodus 40:6 starts “καὶ καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον…” (double καί left as-is).
• Exodus 18:13's “πρὸς Μωυσῆν” is absent (junk token dropped, not reconstructed).
• Genesis 2:14 πορευόμενος Swete print check still pending.
• All-Greek letter confusions beyond the enumerated individuals may persist elsewhere — a known limitation for future proofreading.
• No direct Rahlfs–Hanhart apparatus access anywhere in this build.

Counts

56 books · Greek 29,491 verses / 591,708 tokens · English 28,601 verses · Letter of Aristeas §§1–322 · 61,020 distinct forms · 926 verified forms · 309 lemma pages · 16 curated lexicon entries.

Method notes

Each language keeps its own numbering; versification differences are marked, never renumbered. Gap markers are shown, never filled. Verse and paragraph anchors follow the #book/chapter:verse and #aristeas/§N schemes. Search is accent-insensitive for Greek and case-insensitive substring for English.